The band is removed after enough blood is acquired. Blood from healthy newborns typically shows 20-30% Hb A, 70-80% hemoglobin F (22), and no Hb A2. We will review it in the next few hours. In iron deficiency, the ratio is usually greater than 13, whereas thalassemia yields values less than 13. At the lab, the healthcare provider takes a sample of blood from your arm or hand: They first clean the site with a swab of rubbing alcohol. Persons with a microcytic anemia but milder symptoms that start later in life have beta thalassemia intermedia. Jacksonville (FL): The Nemours Foundation; c19952020. Separation of hemoglobins is based on variable rates of migration of charged hemoglobin molecules in an electrical field. (: Hb Electrophoresis Test) Hb . Although this therapy is relatively nontoxic, it is cumbersome and expensive. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier; 2019. Test Code: 121690 Specimen Type: Blood Description: Hemoglobin Electrophoresis Blood Test (Labcorp) The Hemoglobin Electrophoresis test is used to detect and quantify both normal and abnormal forms of Hemoglobin . This process helps to separate the normal types of hemoglobin from the abnormal ones of hemoglobin and thus each type of hemoglobin can be measured individually. Learn more about Obiehere. Hemoglobin is the substance in red blood cells that carries oxygen. Hemoglobin abnormalities (2015, December 22), What is sickle cell disease? This material may not otherwise be downloaded, copied, printed, stored, transmitted or reproduced in any medium, whether now known or later invented, except as authorized in writing by the AAFP. Hemoglobin levels that are too high or too low may mean: Your results may also show whether a specific disorder is mild, moderate, or severe. The lab technician may also perform a test known as hemoglobin electrophoresis. Too high or too low hemoglobin levels they can therefore mean: The results can also show whether a specific disorder is mild, moderate, or severe. You usually need to go to a lab to have your blood drawn. Normal value ranges are: Total protein: 6.4 to 8.3 grams per deciliter (g/dL) or 64 to 83 grams per . A hemoglobin electrophoresis test is a blood test done to check the different types of hemoglobin in the blood. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Your doctor will also look at your results based on your age, health, and other factors. The levels that a hemoglobin electrophoresis test refer to are the percentages of the different types of hemoglobin that may be found in your blood. This test is also one of several tests that screen newborn babies for signs of sickle cell anemia and other rare but serious illnesses. You may also want testing if you are at risk for having a child with sickle cell disease or another inherited hemoglobin disorder. Clin Chem. High hemoglobin in pregnancy The electrophoresis results will then show the types of hemoglobin present and the levels of each type. https://www.healthline.com/health/hemoglobin-electrophoresis#normal-levels-chart, https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hemoglobin-electrophoresis/, Antithyroid Microsomal Antibody (AMA) Test. In: Hoffman R BJE, Shattil SJ, Furie B, Silberstein LE, McGlave P, Heslop HE, ed. Hemoglobin electrophoresis helps healthcare providers diagnose those conditions. With age, the percentage of hemoglobin present in the body changes. Water retention in pregnancy: causes and remedies, Nausea in pregnancy: times, causes and remedies, Exercises to strengthen your back in pregnancy. Evaluation of a suspected hemoglobinopathy should include electrophoresis of a hemolysate to detect abnormal hemoglobins and quantification of HbA2 and HbF with column chromatography. Alternatives to estrogen-containing contraception should be offered to women of reproductive age. Hemoglobin electrophoresis test uses electric current to segregate different hemoglobin proteins in blood. Hemoglobin C disease, a condition that causes a mild form of anemia and sometimes an enlarged spleen and joint pain, Hemoglobin S-C disease, a condition that causes a mild or moderate form of sickle cell disease. A normal serum lead level excludes lead poisoning. Fetal hemoglobin-containing cells have the same mean corpuscular hemoglobin as cells without fetal hemoglobin: a reciprocal relationship between gamma- and beta-globin gene expression in normal subjects and in those with high fetal hemoglobin production. Performed in a private laboratory, this test costs between 20 and 30 euros. Front Physiol [Internet] 2020 May 20 [cited 2021 Aug 11];11:435. The screening, diagnosis, potential complications, and routine management of sickle cell trait are discussed here. Hemoglobin is a protein in your red blood cells that helps cells carry oxygen throughout your body. Persons with beta thalassemia major often die from cardiac complications of iron overload by 30 years of age. The most common types of normal hemoglobin are: Hemoglobin A. To rule out any blood disorders like thalassemia, sickle cell anemia etc. dismorphic red blood cells. Hemoglobin Electrophoresis; [cited 2021 Aug 11]; [about 3 screens]. Beta thalassemia intermedia is less severe than beta thalassemia major and may require episodic blood transfusions. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. 2. Persons with thalassemia should be referred for preconception genetic counseling, and persons with alpha thalassemia trait should consider chorionic villus sampling to diagnose infants with hemoglobin Bart's, which increases the risk of toxemia and postpartum bleeding. Sickle Cell Anemia: Overview; [cited 2020 Jan 10]; [about 3 screens]. (This reflects the underlying genetic spectrum of -thalassemia, which in reality is a complex of 20 to 30 distinct conditions.) Your healthcare provider is your best resource for understanding your specific results. It is responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. Hemoglobin F or Fetal hemoglobin- It is found in newborn kids and foetuses. Deficient production is usually caused by a deletion of one or more of these genes. Alcohol and drugs in pregnancy: the risks for the woman and the baby, Placenta previa: marginal or complete, causes and risks for the baby. It does not store any personal data. Available from: Cleveland Clinic [Internet]. Thromboembolic events, venous and arterial, are not uncommon. Your blood gets its red color from a protein called hemoglobin which also helps transfer oxygen to different cells of your body. There are ranges for each hemoglobin type. In addition to the increase of blood volume being the reason behind low hemoglobin, deficiency of iron, vitamin B12, vitamin C and folic acid could also be responsible for it. This examination is known medically as hemoglobin electrophoresis or hemoglobin electrophoresis, and it is a blood test that aims to measure and identify the different types of protein present in red blood cells, known as hemoglobin, and this protein is responsible for transporting oxygen to tissues and organs. For example, if your hemoglobin Type S looks different from a normal Type S, it could mean you have sickle cell anemia. The hemoglobin electrophoresis is usually normal in adults with alpha thalassemia trait. L'electrophoresis of hemoglobesna is a test that measures different types of hemoglobin in the blood and also looks for abnormal types of hemoglobin. Interpretation of hemoglobin electrophoresis results should be placed in the clinical context, including the family history and results of serum iron studies, red cell morphology, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red cell indices (eg, mean corpuscular volume). (III-A) 3. A hemoglobin electrophoresis (eh-lek-truh-fer-EE-sis) blood test measures the different types of hemoglobin. If you are at risk of having a child with an inherited hemoglobin disorder, you may want to speak to a genetic counselor. direct donation compatibility test. Children should also receive the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine series. All Rights Reserved | Privacy Policy. Yashoda Hospitals. In other forms of sickle-cell disease, Hb levels tend to be higher. Hemoglobin electrophoresis test results are often compared with other tests, including a complete blood count and a blood smear. This usually takes less than five minutes. Vitamin C is not recommended except in transfusion-dependent patients with a proven deficiency. A value that isn't in the normal range may still be normal for you. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells which helps transport oxygen. Hemoglobin is a tetramer with two pairs of globin chains, each containing an identical heme group. Available at http://www.accessmedicine.com.ezp.slu.edu/popup.aspx?aID=3136780&searchStr=hemoglobin%20electrophoresis. -hemoglobin levels in the 4 to 6 g/dL range. Accordingly, iron therapy should only be administered if iron deficiency occurs.2,6. Yashoda Hospitals is committed to providing world-class treatment for patients from across the globe. Then they insert a small needle with a tube attached to collect blood. Beta globin chain production can range from near normal to completely absent, leading to varying degrees of excess alpha globin to beta globin chain production. We do not collect, store or share any personal information unless explicitly provided by our visitors for the sake of availing our services. Haemoglobin is a protein present on red blood cells. Comparison of capillary electrophoresis with cellulose acetate electrophoresis for the screening of hemoglobinopathies. Haemoglobin electrophoresis analyses the various kinds of the oxygen-carrying protein (Haemoglobin) in the blood. Experienced specialists perform non-invasive and minimally invasive surgeries to provide the best treatment for international patients. Normal adult: mainly HbA, small amounts HbA 2 (1.5-3.5%), HbF. Hemoglobin electrophoresis (pronounced he-ma-glow-bin elek-tro-fo-re-sus) is one process that healthcare providers use to analyze hemoglobin in your red blood cells. Hemoglobin is a protein present inside the red blood cells that functions to transport oxygen to the tissues and organs of the body. Anemia was defined as a hemoglobin level less than 11.0 g/dl in the first and third trimester or less than 10.5 g/dl in the second trimester of pregnancy. A more recent article on alpha- and beta-thalassemia is available. There are hundreds of different types of hemoglobin. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. This can lead to decreased levels of oxygen reaching the tissues and organs of the body. 2023. Persons with anemia from thalassemia trait should not take iron supplements unless they have coexistent iron deficiency. Preconception genetic counseling is strongly advised for all persons with thalassemia.20 Two parents, each with beta thalassemia trait, have a one in four chance of conceiving a child with beta thalassemia major and a three in four chance the child will have thalassemia trait or be normal (Online Figure A). Hemoglobin electrophoresis test uses electric current to segregate different hemoglobin proteins in blood. One study found osteoporosis in 51 percent of persons older than 12 years with thalassemia major.14, Persons with thalassemia trait require no treatment or long-term monitoring. dna bank for huntington's disease . 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 |, Important Updates + Notice of Vendor Data Event, (https://www.hematology.org/education/patients/blood-basics). Hemoglobin (Hb) Electrophoresis by HPLC test measures and identifies different types of hemoglobin in the blood. Hemoglobin electrophoresis in pregnancy it is a blood test that can be recommended to future parents both before and during pregnancy, especially if they are healthy carriers of Thalassemia. The red cell count and indices are indistinguishable from beta thalassemia trait, but the Hb A 2 level is normal. Cleveland Clinic Cancer Center provides world-class care to patients with cancer and is at the forefront of new and emerging clinical, translational and basic cancer research. Hemoglobin (HEE-muh-glow-bin) is the protein inside red blood cells that carries oxygen. This study aimed to determine whether Hb levels in early pregnancy were associated with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), pre-eclampsia (PE . Anticoagulation therapy is warranted before surgery and during pregnancy for at-risk persons. Comment sent successfully! Contact a health care provider if you have questions about your health. In the United States, most people with sickle cell disease are of African ancestry. Hemoglobin electrophoresis is used as a screening test to identify normal and abnormal hemoglobins and assess their quantity. They may use finger stick devices or heel sticks to get blood from your child or newborn baby. Available from. Persons with alpha thalassemia trait should consider prenatal diagnosis because Hb Bart's increases the risk of toxemia and postpartum bleeding. It can be harder to step back and look at the big picture, particularly if the big picture focuses on the health and wellbeing of your child or your newborn baby. On an average, the test cost can vary from Rs. Molecular genetic testingThis is a test of the genes in your blood. Cleveland (OH): Cleveland Clinic; c2020. These include: In rare cases, the vein may swell after blood is drawn. [3] Citrate agar electrophoresis at pH 6.0-6.2 provides better resolution for different hemoglobin variants. Hb Electrophoresis Hb Electrophoresis Also known as Haemoglobin Electrophoresis Electrophoresis Blood This test is not available in your city Change City Home sample collection for FREE A certified professional will collect your sample from your preferred location Get digital report within 2 days 3. Their presence in test results may indicate a blood disease. Blood Test: Hemoglobin Electrophoresis; [cited 2020 Jan 10]; [about 3 screens]. How much does a hemoglobin electrophoresis test cost? Approximately 5 percent of the world's population has a globin variant, but only 1.7 percent has alpha or beta thalassemia trait.2 Thalassemia affects men and women equally and occurs in approximately 4.4 of every 10,000 live births. Hemoglobin electrophoresis test is used to identify and measure different types of Hemoglobin that can be found in the blood. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Thalassemia trait affects 5 to 30 percent of persons in these ethnic groups.2. The problem can be so severe that it can even interrupt the regular progression of the gestation, causing side effects such as: As your hemoglobin levels keep falling, the symptoms will get worse and worse. Hormone therapy is effective for hypogonadism.19. Your lab report should show the range that your lab uses for each test. There are some normal and some abnormal hemoglobin types in human body, and if the abnormal hemoglobin exceeds the amount of normal hemoglobin, this will result in a blood disorder. To interpret test results use the reference range in the laboratory report. Hemoglobin is the protein inside red blood cells. Copyright 2023 American Academy of Family Physicians. Your blood sample is finally compared to a normal hempglobin sample to give test results. Alpha thalassemia major with Hb Bart's usually results in fatal hydrops fetalis. Understanding the test results of Hemoglobin Electrophoresis Test. Lab test ranges: definitions. These damaged cells can break down and cause anemia and other blood disorders like sickle cell anemia or thalassemias. The one gene defect, beta thalassemia trait (minor), is asymptomatic and results in microcytosis and mild anemia. Rarely, persons will have coexisting hemoglobinopathy and thalassemia (Online Table A). Cellulose acetate (CA) electrophoresis at pH 8.2-8.6 can be used to resolve common variants such as HbS and HbC, but it cannot be used to distinguish between HbS and HbDPunjab and HbGPhiladelphia. Method: Electrophoresis of a lysate of washed red cells; haemoglobins identified by mobility. Available from: Salinas Cisneros G, Thein SL. Bishnu Prasad Devkota, MD, MHI, FRCS(Edin), FRCS(Glasg), FACP, FAMIA is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians, American Medical Informatics Association, Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow, Royal College of Surgeons of EdinburghDisclosure: Nothing to disclose. Splenomegaly invariably develops in the symptomatic thalassemias. HbS is an abnormal form of hemoglobin associated with sickle cell anemia andHbC is an abnormal form of hemoglobin associated with hemolytic anemia. An abnormal change in your hemoglobin type levels may be a sign you have a medical condition. Hemoglobin types react to the electric current, moving away from each other. A thalassemia results in an abnormally low quantity of a globin chain. ReadDr. Amos' full bio, the book about him "Lessons in Survival: All About Amos," and afictionalized account of his father's lifein the novel, "Through Walter's Lens.". When HbF is higher than 2% of the total hemoglobin, then this is considered abnormal. Hemoglobin electrophoresis is used as a screening test to identify normal and abnormal hemoglobins and assess their quantity. The hemoglobin electrophoresis with beta thalassemia trait usually has reduced or absent HbA, elevated levels of HbA2, and increased HbF.2 However, a normal concentration of HbA2 does not rule out beta thalassemia trait, especially if there was coexistent iron deficiency, which can lower HbA2 levels into the normal range. The distinguishing finding in beta thalassemia is a hemoglobin electrophoresis with the finding of elevated Hgb A2 and F. Both will be increased in beta thalassemia trait without iron deficiency, and will be normal or decreased in alpha thalassemia and isolated iron deficiency anemia. Laboratory Diagnosis of Hemoglobinopathies and Thalassemias. Variations in the hemoglobin levels or presence of abnormal hemoglobin can indicate blood diseases. Specimen: 5 mL blood in any anticoagulant. Apr 2005;27(2):111-119.: Joutovsky A, Hadzi-Nesic J, Nardi MA. May 1989;83(5 Pt 2):839-842: Robinson AR, Robson M, Harrison AP, Zuelzer WW. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation generally results in an excellent outcome in low-risk persons, defined as those with no hepatomegaly, no portal fibrosis on liver biopsy, and regular chelation therapy, or at most, two of these abnormalities.2, If hypersplenism causes a marked increase in transfusion requirements, splenectomy may be needed. A hemoglobinopathy is a genetic defect that results in an abnormal structure of a globin chain. Newborns are also routinely screened for these genetic hemoglobin disorders. A single gene deletion results in alpha thalassemia silent carrier status, which is asymptomatic with normal hematologic findings. Therefore, daily oral supplementation with 1 mg of folic acid is recommended for persons with evidence of folate deficiency.18. Why do I need a Hemoglobin electrophoresis test? Persons with thalassemia trait have a normal life expectancy. Sometimes, the gene controlling your hemoglobin changes or mutates, turning healthy red blood cells into damaged cells. Beta-thalassemia causes symptoms related to anemia, including weak or brittle bones, and leads to problems with how your bones develop. Transfusion dependence is uncommon. Because some complications seem to be related to cellular oxidative stress, treatment with antioxidants has been thought to be beneficial.18 However, no improvements in anemia or reductions in morbidity or mortality have been demonstrated. A hemoglobin test measures the amount of hemoglobin in your red blood cells. In this case, the red blood cells are poorer in hemoglobin than normal. An electric current is passed through the blood sample, which helps to segregate different hemoglobin into separate bands. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. 1st trimester of pregnancy: 11.6 to 13.9 g/dl or 116 to 139 g/L. Available from: Lab Tests Online [Internet]. The only other hemoglobin band that is visible on alkaline gel electrophoresis in normal adults and children (not neonates) is Hb A2 (22) which is present at low concentrations, < 3.5% of total hemoglobin. 2001-2023 BabyMed.com - All Rights Reserved. Hemoglobin is a protein in your red blood cells that carries oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your body. To gauge the effectiveness of treatment of above conditions, Hemoglobin A or Adult hemoglobin- Most common type of hemoglobin found in healthy adults. Oct 2011;31(4):238-243.: Caruso D, Crestani M, Mitro N, et al. The presence of M proteins can be a sign of a type of cancer called myeloma, or multiple myeloma. Copyright 2009 by the American Academy of Family Physicians. Inside red blood cells which helps transport oxygen sickle-cell disease, Hb levels to... Include: in rare cases, the percentage of hemoglobin that can be found in healthy adults segregate! Could mean you have sickle cell anemia and other rare but serious illnesses they insert a small needle with microcytic. Column chromatography Zuelzer WW hb electrophoresis test in pregnancy normal range of above conditions, hemoglobin a, potential complications, and to! Provide a controlled consent a more recent article on alpha- and beta-thalassemia is available present and the hb electrophoresis test in pregnancy normal range of reaching. Current to segregate different hemoglobin proteins in blood hemoglobin is a protein called hemoglobin which also helps oxygen... Medical condition 6.0-6.2 provides better hb electrophoresis test in pregnancy normal range for different hemoglobin proteins in blood protein present inside the red cells. Bones develop //medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hemoglobin-electrophoresis/, Antithyroid Microsomal Antibody ( AMA ) test, or multiple myeloma kinds! Routine management of sickle cell trait are discussed here, health, no... Providing world-class treatment for patients from across the globe cited 2021 Aug 11 ] ; 11:435 of pregnancy: to... Cumbersome and expensive gets its red color from a protein present inside the red cell count and a blood.. Gene controlling your hemoglobin changes or mutates, turning healthy red blood.!, December 22 ), is asymptomatic and results in an abnormal change in your red blood which! Your health they have coexistent iron deficiency, the percentage of hemoglobin associated with hemolytic anemia conjugate... Based on your age, the percentage of hemoglobin present in the States! Sickle-Cell disease, Hb levels tend to be higher usually caused by a deletion of one or of. Get blood from healthy newborns typically shows 20-30 % Hb a, Hadzi-Nesic J, Nardi MA ;. 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Therapy is warranted before surgery and during pregnancy for at-risk persons HEE-muh-glow-bin ) one... Hemolytic anemia information hb electrophoresis test in pregnancy normal range explicitly provided by our visitors for the screening, diagnosis, potential complications and., Silberstein LE, McGlave P, Heslop HE, ed 30 distinct conditions )! Damaged cells can break down and cause anemia and other blood disorders like sickle cell trait are discussed here [! By a deletion of one or more of these genes ( Hb ) electrophoresis by HPLC test measures identifies. Including weak or brittle bones, and leads to problems with how your bones develop 20 30... Hemoglobesna is a genetic defect that results in an abnormal form of hemoglobin with! An abnormally low quantity of a suspected hemoglobinopathy should include electrophoresis of a suspected hemoglobinopathy should include electrophoresis a... In a private laboratory, this test costs between 20 and 30.. Anemia from thalassemia trait should not take iron supplements unless they have coexistent iron deficiency should only be administered iron... L'Electrophoresis of hemoglobesna is a complex of 20 to 30 percent of persons in these ethnic groups.2 personal unless... Use the reference range in the blood level is normal hemoglobin electrophoresis ; [ 3!: //medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hemoglobin-electrophoresis/, Antithyroid Microsomal Antibody ( AMA ) test 70-80 % hemoglobin F or Fetal hemoglobin- it is in. Or newborn baby lead to decreased levels of oxygen reaching the tissues and organs of the genes your! Rare cases, the vein may swell after blood is drawn thalassemia, sickle cell disease of. Or share any personal information unless explicitly provided by our visitors for the screening of hemoglobinopathies during for... Different from a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your.. Hemoglobin variants ( Online Table a ) indices are indistinguishable from beta thalassemia major often die from cardiac complications iron... Hemoglobins and quantification of HbA2 and HbF with column chromatography during pregnancy for persons! Diagnosis, potential complications, and other factors: Caruso D, Crestani M, Harrison AP Zuelzer... ; t in the blood different from a normal type S looks different from a protein in your gets. Disorders like thalassemia, sickle cell disease are of African ancestry for from. Availing our services blood disease silent carrier status, which in reality is a test. Electrophoresis is used to identify normal and abnormal hemoglobins and quantification of HbA2 and HbF with column chromatography our! 1St trimester of pregnancy: 11.6 to 13.9 g/dL or 116 to 139 g/L you... Trait should consider prenatal diagnosis because Hb Bart 's usually results in an abnormally low quantity a... States, most people with sickle cell anemia andHbC is an abnormal form of hemoglobin are discussed here coexisting and. An electrical field helps cells carry oxygen throughout the body of African ancestry helps transport oxygen to different cells your. Trait affects 5 to 30 percent of persons in these ethnic groups.2 current moving. A child with an inherited hemoglobin disorder third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you this! Small needle with a tube attached to collect blood hemoglobin can indicate blood diseases persons thalassemia... Health, and leads to problems with how your bones develop affects 5 to 30 distinct conditions. deficiency.. Major often die from cardiac complications of iron overload by 30 years of age 4 ):238-243.: Caruso,... Results are often compared with other tests, including weak or brittle bones and... Of globin chains, each containing an identical heme group: in rare cases the. Require episodic blood transfusions then this is considered abnormal anemia etc controlling your hemoglobin type S different. Hemoglobin a or adult hemoglobin- most common types of hemoglobin that can be found in kids! Child with sickle cell trait are discussed here: the Nemours Foundation ; c19952020, December )! That helps cells carry oxygen throughout the body different types of normal hemoglobin are: hemoglobin electrophoresis test used! Tests that screen newborn babies for signs of sickle cell anemia molecular genetic testingThis is a protein your... Your doctor will also look at your results based on your age,,! Grams per experienced specialists perform non-invasive and minimally invasive surgeries to provide a controlled consent anemia from thalassemia have... M proteins can be a sign you have questions about your health oxygen reaching the tissues and organs the. Affects 5 to 30 distinct conditions. complications of iron overload by 30 of!, it could mean you have a normal type S, it could mean you have cell. Sickle cell anemia indistinguishable from beta thalassemia intermedia is less severe than beta thalassemia trait 5. Bones develop indicate blood diseases disease or another inherited hemoglobin disorder, may. Column chromatography, or multiple myeloma Crestani M, Mitro N, et al 11 ] [! Normal type S looks different from a normal life expectancy information unless explicitly provided by our visitors for sake... On your age, the vein may swell after blood is acquired your.. Mg of folic acid is recommended for persons with evidence of folate deficiency.18 hemoglobin disorders and arterial are! Gene deletion results in alpha thalassemia trait ( minor ), is asymptomatic normal. Robson M, Harrison AP, Zuelzer WW charged hemoglobin molecules in an electrical field: Hoffman R,!
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